Our politics of polarization

By MICHAEL GERSON   Tuesday, July 17, 2012
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— As his campaign threw out unsubstantiated charges that Mitt Romney might be guilty of a felony, and then mocked Romney’s off-key singing of “America the Beautiful,” President Obama took a moment to reflect on the sad state of America’s political tone.

“Washington feels as broken as it did four years ago,” he explained. “And if you ask me what is the one thing that has frustrated me most over the last four years, it’s not the hard work. It’s not the enormity of the decisions. It’s not the pace. It is that I haven’t been able to change the atmosphere here in Washington to reflect the decency and common sense of ordinary people.”

The problem is real enough. Extreme political polarization is the product of democracy that undermines democracy. It increases incivility and magnifies distrust of government. It causes some to abandon civic engagement in disgust and others to join angry ideological insurrections. In Congress, it adds to the obstructive power of cohesive partisan blocs and makes bargaining and compromise in the public interest more difficult.

Do politicians cause this polarization or merely reflect it? There are plenty of contributing factors they don’t control. The public itself has become more partisan over the last few decades. Both parties have become more ideologically homogeneous (though Democrats still have more internal diversity). The growth of partisan media has fed polarization.

But leaders can oppose this trend or contribute to it. Things get worse when Rep. Allen West, R-Fla., claims there are “about 78 to 81 members of the Democratic Party that are members of the Communist Party.” Or when Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz says that Republicans “want to literally drag us all the way back to Jim Crow laws.”

Politicians can legitimize incivility, contempt and conspiracy theories. One academic calls such leaders “polarization entrepreneurs.” They increase their status and influence by feeding partisan division.

Whatever his intentions or provocations, Obama is now engaged in partisan polarization on an industrial scale. His campaign’s latest round of Bain charges is not politics as usual. It is the accusation of criminal impropriety—the filing of false government documents—without real evidence, as various fact-checking outfits have attested. Obama’s recent attack ad, “Firms,” reflects the sensibilities of a particularly nasty 13-year-old. It is difficult to imagine most Americans saying: “That is just what American politics most needs—more juvenile viciousness.”

These are not excesses; they are the essence of Obama’s current political strategy. He is attempting to destroy Romney before Romney can define himself, while using a series of issues—the mini-DREAM Act, voting rights and contraceptive controversies—to excite his base. The approach is not politically irrational. But it is premised on the avoidance of issues such as unemployment and the deficit. And it leaves little room for complaints about the brokenness of Washington.

Will this strategy succeed? So far, it hasn’t seemed to change the fundamental dynamics of the race, which remains both very close and remarkably stable. Negative charges usually work when they have the ring of truth, and Romney—though he has his weaknesses as a candidate—does not fit the part of a sleazy businessman or a Nixonian liar.

But these tactics do have an effect on politics. The most partisan Democrats are encouraged and empowered. The most partisan Republicans gain an excuse for the next step of escalation. This is the nature of polarization: Both sides feel victimized, which becomes a justification to cross past limits and boundaries. Neither side feels responsible for the problem, while both contribute to it.

Obama and his political team have a history of viewing themselves as superior to Washington and the “Beltway mentality.” The president combines a feeling of superiority to politics with a determination to beat his opponents at their own grubby game. It allows him to view himself as a pure, transformative figure while employing the tactics of a Chicago pol.

It is also one reason, according to Gallup, the gap between partisans’ approval ratings of Obama has been “historically high.” This does not mean the GOP bears no responsibility. It only means Obama has made Washington more broken and continues to make it more broken—both responding to grievances and creating new reasons for grievance.

Meanwhile, America is well on its way to a disturbing destination: A nation with the responsibilities of a superpower and the politics of a banana republic.

Michael Gerson is a columnist for the Washington Post Writers Group; email michaelgerson@washpost.com.

reader COMMENTS
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(65)
why_think
Jul 20, 2012 at 7:51 a.m.
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RAF,
PLEASE, give me your take (partisan excuse) for this....
.
http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/07/17/28...

WalterReuther
Jul 20, 2012 at 7:17 a.m.
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It's called prioritization and expediency. I think the majority of any senator's constituents are concerned about jobs more than anything else right now, and they want it handled quickly and with bi-partisan cooperation. Any recent poll can tell you that much. Most Senate Republicans were already on board, or at least they had said they were, but when it came time to vote they jumped ship based on politics. Once again, the American people are left hung out to dry.

RetiredAirForce
Jul 20, 2012 at 6:11 a.m.
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Wow, amendments are voted on an individual basis. So what is your problem. Senator's are doing what their voters want, that includes the repeal. Sir Harry's position to allow NO ammendments is hardly a way to be open to let the chamber vote as they wish. Just like how he refuses to let them vote on a real budget ; sad.

WalterReuther
Jul 20, 2012 at 5:28 a.m.
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When the amendments they wanted put to a vote had nothing to do with jobs, Leader Reid did the right thing. As I already stated, one of the amendments they wanted to include was the repeal of the healthcare reform law. How many times are the Republicans going to waste American resources on the futile effort of trying to repeal that law before the election? 50? 60? 100? More political gamesmanship from the GOP when jobs are on the line.
“To 21 million Americans whose jobs could be the next ones sent to China or India, it’s a very serious proposal,” Harry Reid said. “And to the 2.5 million Americans who jobs have already been offshored, it doesn’t get any more serious than this. The only ones who aren’t taking this legislation seriously are Republicans in Congress.”

RetiredAirForce
Jul 20, 2012 at 12:34 a.m.
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Walter did you see why the bill was held up? Perhaps if sir harry, the same guy preventing our nation from having a budget for the past three years, wouldn't stop ammendments from being voted on something could get done.

"Republicans were considering supporting the insourcing bill until Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) said he wouldn't include any GOP amendments."
http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/se...

WalterReuther
Jul 19, 2012 at 6:29 p.m.
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And, as if on cue, the Senate Republicans filibustered the Bring Jobs Home Act. Why would they do that, you ask, when most originally planned to support the measure? Good question. Well, it turns out that they only planned to support the bill that would eliminate tax deductions for businesses for the cost of moving people and equipment overseas and giving a tax credit to businesses for all costs associated with moving jobs back from overseas IF they could attach an amendment to it that repealed the PPACA. Yet another example of Republicans playing political games instead of supporting potential American job growth.

why_think
Jul 19, 2012 at 8:36 a.m.
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"""There are plenty of people willing to fill positions in the public sector, and that includes the $150,000 per year bus driving ones!"""
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"""If this goes through Mr. President, you can tell all the kids that were taught and successful that they didn't earn it."""
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Two examples of hate-filled partisan crap.
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All of us not filled with hate and partisanship know that our President was specifically referring to the roads, bridges, internet, fire and police protection, etc...
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As for the bus driver...I dont' know the details and I am guessing others are in a similar situation. It is fair to say that the $150k was spent through and overtime system and the driver was providing a service.
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I have a question for the republican/conservatives...
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Why do you have such an issue with a bus driver making $150k while working overtime and providing a service while at the same time you (as a group) seem willing to defend a multi, multi, multi millionaire who hid his money in foreign countries to avoid paying taxes?
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Both are legal.
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How can a party get upset about a lapel pin but not care about money being hidden to avoid taxation? How can anyone be OK with Mitt only releasing 2 years of taxes? The same people that wanted to see John Kerry's wifes' taxes are now defending 2 years from Romney.
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This is the partisanship and hatred. Neither side is fair or objective and MSNBC and Fox along with talk radio lead the charge with their talking points. Like I said earlier, if we don't blindly hate our neighbors because of political purposes Fox, MSNBC, Rush, etc... are GONE.
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They have no audience because we ALL become disgusted with the inconsistancies from our politicans.
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We actually want news coverage. Even if it is biased news coverage; news coverage versus news entertainment would help this country greatly.

Olderandornerier
Jul 19, 2012 at 7:43 a.m.
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Repulsive? I thought it was a compliment.

RetiredAirForce
Jul 19, 2012 at 12:33 a.m.
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Pharm, I tend to agree with your 10:18 Jul 18 comments, in regards to McCain and who won the election the economy was going to be bad, I even went as far and stated no matter which were elected they would be a one term due to the economy. That aside, what has happened, via govt policy, has created what we have today. The selection process from bailouts screws up the balancing process that the free market needs. By thinking something was too big to fail creates more problems than it solves.

The fallacy on obamacare numbers gets funnier each day. As the program further progresses and more details emerge it has become clear how wrong the initial fiscal projections were. The result of the court ruling over the medicare portion of the law exposes a huge gap in financing. The admin/congress tried to push a huge amount of the costs to the states and off the federal books to make the program look cheaper than it really is. As the layers are pulled back this onion just makes more eyes water.

wislady
Jul 18, 2012 at 9:55 p.m.
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Mooshoo

Excuse me....but I think the name you just used in your comment is extremely repulsive.

Olderandornerier
Jul 18, 2012 at 7:37 p.m.
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you get 4 more years of good leadership under Obama :)
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That statement is hilarious. The thought of the ignorance behind the statement is scary.

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 4:39 p.m.
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http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/...
Jobs created/saved by stimulus.

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 4:35 p.m.
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I just consider the source to discount your statement about you creating/saving jobs.

http://news.yahoo.com/obama-silent-tax-c...
Moodys was one of the economic companies that released figures comparable to CBO about jobs created/saved.
95% of taxpayers received a tax cut in the stimulus bill.

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 4:31 p.m.
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walt,

http://www.cbo.gov; http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/20... http://www.recovery.gov/pages/default.as...

attached are links. Notice that the number of jobs created or saved noted by the whitehouse is much different from the claims...but don't let those pesky details get in the way of a good fairytale!

WalterReuther
Jul 18, 2012 at 2:08 p.m.
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TCB,
Links to all these wild claims would be nice. Let us read from the same source you get your information. Otherwise it just sounds like you're sitting at your computer and typing whatever you hear come out of Rush, Fox News or Charlie Sykes.

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 1:30 p.m.
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pharm,

economic companies? Please name some?

Lets assume that the CBO is correct-they also said the Obama stimulus cost 821 Billion and it may have created or saved 1.4-3.6 million jobs. The cost 228K to 586,000 per saved job? Funny how not a single job at Solyndra was saved or created? What about in Denmark or Mexico? A lot of stimulus money went to windmill manufacturers in Denmark and solar panel manufacturers in Mexico...how much went there? Obama outsourcing windmill jobs to europe? Why?

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 1:23 p.m.
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787 Billion was the amount of the obama pork package. Tax cuts are not spending-my guess is that you don't know the difference between a rate cut and a tax cut or a reduction in the rate of spending or a tax rebate or a tax transfer. By the way, I just saved or created 100 jobs or was it 1000? (no way to disprove this statement)

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 1:23 p.m.
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787 Billion was the amount of the obama pork package. Tax cuts are not spending-my guess is that you don't know the difference between a rate cut and a tax cut or a reduction in the rate of spending or a tax rebate or a tax transfer. By the way, I just saved or created 100 jobs or was it 1000? (no way to disprove this statement)

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 1:23 p.m.
Suggest removal

787 Billion was the amount of the obama pork package. Tax cuts are not spending-my guess is that you don't know the difference between a rate cut and a tax cut or a reduction in the rate of spending or a tax rebate or a tax transfer. By the way, I just saved or created 100 jobs or was it 1000? (no way to disprove this statement)

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 12:36 p.m.
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And your qualifications to question saved/created jobs above and beyond CBO and economic companies are? About 40% of the stimulus was tax cuts, the other $400 and some billion were spending, did not add up to a trillion.

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 12:32 p.m.
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pharm,

The stimulus saved 0 jobs or it created 4 million jobs-there is no objective measure to calculate "saved jobs". The obama administration and its talking heads tried to sneak this phrase into the modern lexicon without challenge---it failed.

What we do know is that every job "created" cost around $250K per job. By any objective measure this is a failure.

Govt spending is not a tax cut. Pharm look into your crystal balls and enlighten us-what would have happened if the federal govt chose to do nothing? Where would the economy be today, what would unemployment be? What would the total debt and deficit be? How many jobs saved or created-if the govt did absolutely nothing and let the market respond?

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 12:10 p.m.
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Stimulus saved/created 3 to4 million jobs according to CBO and independant economic companies. The stimulus was almost 40% tax cuts
Obamacare cuts the deficit.
Losses on those loan guarantees of a few companies totaled less than $3 billion when up to $10 billion was forecast, and they were not Obama donor companies.
Anybody eligible for any government program should be able to get information on how to get it. Even under McCain, with the bqd economy, food stamps, unemployment, etc., would have gone up. As for easing the welfare/work requirements, states asked for that power, most aggressively, Republican led states.

why_think
Jul 18, 2012 at 12:08 p.m.
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24 hour news and talk radio is to blame. Their ratings depends on have and division.
.

Ezoner
Jul 18, 2012 at 11:46 a.m.
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pharm -- there are no reasonable policy ideas from this administrations. Especially economic ones.

NoLeftist
Jul 18, 2012 at 11:20 a.m.
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Hmm. Let's see how McCain might have done things differently. Well, there's the stimulus for starters ($1 trillion), ObamaCare (another couple trillion when you have to pay for 10 years benefits with 10 years of taxes), ballooning of food stamps (running ad campaigns to get more people to use them, further running up the debt), easing disability requirements, easing welfare to work requirements, dozens of bankrupt energy companies owned by Obama Donors given millions and millions and millions of taxpayer dollars borrowed on the backs of our children, billions in aid to corrupt foreign governments.

All from a guy who said he'd cut the deficit in half in his first term and go through each budget line by line.

He was either ignorant or a liar. Either one not a great option for the man who leads this country.

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 10:18 a.m.
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If you really think every policy idea from the administration, Republican or Democrat, comes only from the president you are sadly mistaken. When politicians say things like"deficits don`t matter", even when their own economists say they most certainly do as was the case in the last Bush administration, then you will see how politics affects policy, not just economic facts. Please tell me what McCain would have done different besides, cut taxes, extend the Bush tax cuts, TARP. All things Obama did. The economy was projected to be horrendous no matter who had won because of the housing bust, subsequent recession, and policies already in place.

TCB
Jul 18, 2012 at 7:41 a.m.
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pharm,

Obama inherited a bad economy and his policies have made it worse. Obama is not the first President to be elected and inherit a bad economy. His inability to understand basic finance-how jobs are created demonstrates that Obama is a rank amateur incapable of developing and executing a plan to stimulate growth.

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at 7 a.m.
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"Hint. If you increase spending, even a little, while receipts drop, it will add to the deficit and later the debt." Maybe if someone in the previous administration had listened to that quote our problem would not have been as big as it is.

RetiredAirForce
Jul 18, 2012 at 1:46 a.m.
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Yes, budgets are based on both. Yet for the last three years, as receipts have DECLINED, the current policy via continuing resolutions has been to keep spending.

Hint: If you increase spending, even a little, while receipts drop, it will add to the deficit and later the debt. Ignoring it in no way makes it go away. He inherited what he asked for and was part of the process of making/forming while a member of the senate. None of this changes the fact of what has happened while he has held the position and the US Senate, under Reid, has failed to do their job.

pharm
Jul 18, 2012 at midnight
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Continuing resolutions,just like budgets, are debated, amended, cut, added to, and have to be passed by the House{shame, shame, shame!} and the Senate.
http://factcheck.org/2012/06/obamas-spen...
Obama inherited a terrible economy, and has only increased spending minimally. If he had averaged a 7% a year increase like Bush, we would be spending $4trillion next year.

RetiredAirForce
Jul 17, 2012 at 10:58 p.m.
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Many seem to ignore any budget bill was/is exempt from the filibuster rules. The first two years one party had full control over spending, nothing could be done to stop it. Surprisingly they have since refused to put forth and debate a national budget on the senate floor. By doing this, they can continue the elevated spending levels from the previously passed budgets through continuing resolutions; shame shame shame.

dtb
Jul 17, 2012 at 10:55 p.m.
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"the most liberal - far left president in the history of the country"

Get real and get a little perspective on history. To the true left winger, Obama is practically a republican.

poobah
Jul 17, 2012 at 9:01 p.m.
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TCB, Democrats could not always have won a cloture vote in the 111th Congress. You're talking about two short periods of time in the 111th Congress when that majority (with Independents required) existed. Don't make it sound like the filibuster didn't kill legislation.

Just today the Republican filibuster of the DISCLOSE Act resulted in that disclosure legislation failing to be brought to a vote. 360+ times in 5 years. And the vast majority of that time the Democrats unable to approve cloture with a partisan majority.

WalterReuther
Jul 17, 2012 at 8:31 p.m.
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Basically, Republican Senators have changed the structure of the Senate voting system. The filibuster used to be a rarely used tool to bring increased attention to a very weighty issue. Now, the Republicans have made the cloture vote (requiring a 3/5 super majority, 60 votes) the rule rather than the exception. Just watch. IF the Republicans become the majority in the Senate and the Dems follow the Republican example, the GOP will be screaming "OBSTRUCTION!" all day long.

TCB
Jul 17, 2012 at 7:44 p.m.
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poo,

Difficult but not impossible. Again, the dems determine what Bills if any will receive a vote. Not the republicans. Republicans were powerless to introduce or stop legislation-all the den senators need to do is call a cloture vote to stop the filibuster.

WalterReuther
Jul 17, 2012 at 7:23 p.m.
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Nobody's crying for President Obama. It's just ridiculous to try to charge our current president with single handedly reversing the polarized nature of American politics that has been developing over decades. He's only human. How long do we really expect someone to keep getting kicked before he kicks back? The obstructionist Republicans who have been ignoring jobs and the economy while being laser-focused on making Obama a one-term president and the brainless, mouth-breathing (and, yes, sometimes racist) birthers all of a sudden want to act shocked when the President releases a few negative campaign ads.

poobah
Jul 17, 2012 at 6:23 p.m.
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TCB, in the 111th Congress (2009-2010 which were Obama's first two years in office), there were 137 filibusters that the Democrats had to end - all but 5 of them by Republicans. You need to remember that often times it requires a bill being withdrawn to end a filibuster - effectively making it difficult to pass legislation. You can call the filibuster whatever you wish, but it surely is a part of the Senate parliamentary process and has come to be abused in recent years and used as an excuse by both parties for their failure to pass meaningful legislation.

Since 2007 when Democrats took control of the Senate, they have had to end Republican filibusters more than 360 times. A record number of filibusters. [ http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/referen... ]

TCB
Jul 17, 2012 at 5:27 p.m.
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poo,

The dems could have called the republicans bluff in the Senate and force them to filibuster-they didn't. That is, if the dems actually believed in obama's policies-instead, the dems fought amongst themselves. Rather than govern-Obama and the dems find it easier to blame Bush. The dems have had a majority since january 2007-and yet they still cannot pass the presidents Budget? that is leadership. Furthermore, they did have a super majority for a short period of time-(60 Dem senators) they could have passed any Bill without threat of filibuster-the dems passed nothing.

Dont blame the "threat" of a republican filibuster as the reason the President is ineffective. Leadership starts at the top and Obama has proven to be utterly thin skinned and ineffective-witness Obamas presence in Wisconsin during the Walker fiasco.

poobah
Jul 17, 2012 at 4:28 p.m.
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TCB, your assertion that "republicans were completely powerless to stop obama from doing anything" ignores the Senate filibuster rule.

Ezoner
Jul 17, 2012 at 4:21 p.m.
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Walter -- give me a break -- your saying that because you disagree with the most liberal - far left president in the history of the country you are a racist..... I am sick and tired of the race card being played.... If this were AL Bore we would be having the same discussion. He and Bore are some of the most fringe far left dems I have ever seen. He needs to go.

TCB
Jul 17, 2012 at 3:47 p.m.
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walter,

Obama had majorities in both houses when he was inaugurated. The only people who would not work with obama were democrats; republicans were completely powerless to stop obama from doing anything.

Specifically what did Obama do to "help" the country economically? His policies created more unemployment, more people dependent on the federal govt, more people dependent on food stamps, higher unemployment, cost of healthcare insurance continues to rise=despite the promise that it would decline 2500 per family? If Obama did nothing where would the economy be? Probably a lot better. Obamas policies have failed-this is his legacy.

Gerson is 100% that Obama is trying to define Romney. This is politics 101-define your opponent before he/she defines you. Nothin new here...
hope and change is more of the same liberal demagoguery.

donnaw
Jul 17, 2012 at 2:57 p.m.
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Walter..sob sob! If you can't stand the heat, get out of kitchen. What happened to hope and change and transparency and publishing bills for so many days, etc., etc. And I remember how dreadfully disrespectful the Dems were to Bush. So what goes around comes around.

WalterReuther
Jul 17, 2012 at 12:28 p.m.
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Republican leaders met on inauguration day 2009 for an intense discussion, not on how they would create jobs in a downward spiralling economy, but how they would obstruct & delegitimize the new president and prevent him from seeing a 2nd term. Throughout much of his first term, President Obama has had to face numerous unsubstantiated, outrageous and thinly veiled racist inquiries about his country of birth, the first President to have ever faced such a barrage regarding his citizenship. With all this going on around him, Barack Obama still helped keep this country from falling into a depression that easily could have been far worse than anything this country went through in the 1930s. Am I surprised that now, in the midst of a reelection campaign, our President is revealing that he hasn't forgotten how certain people have so disrespected him as he occupied the highest office in the land? Not at all. He has come out swinging and, sadly, he has sank somewhat closer to the grimy, disgusting underbelly being occupied by his political opponents and being represented by one Willard Mitt Romney. If I were him, I'd probably have given in a while ago. You can only take so many punches to the gut before you start to fight back.

poobah
Jul 17, 2012 at 11:05 a.m.
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I disagree with Gerson's assertion that Obama is "attempting to destroy Romney before Romney can define himself." As historians look back on this presidential election, I'd venture a guess the consensus will be that Romney destroyed himself and has nobody else to blame for how he defined and re-defined himself.

donnaw
Jul 17, 2012 at 8:43 a.m.
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It's because Obama is arrogant and narcistic. He may be educated but he lacks civility and common sense. He has been a dismal failure. Run Hillary, please.

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